IR journal and conference literature from the 1960s to the 1990s: What can HR learn from it? Where is it headed?

The industrial relations (IR) literature has changed notably from the early 1960s until the late 1990s. Yet it has retained an externalist flavor — a sense that the key variables determining outcomes are often outside the control of firm-level actors. However, the kind of externalism found in the modern IR literature differs notably from that of the past. Externalism today is seen as labor market and personal variables — often in an econometric formulation — rather than grand social forces. Generally, the IR literature has moved toward sophisticated empiricism and toward a labor economics paradigm. To the extent that the older grand themes remain, they are more likely to be found in IR books rather than in academic journals. Human resource (HR) academics and practitioners can nonetheless benefit from the IR approach, even though the tyranny of tenure review has made journal articles in IR less readable. The IR literature emphasizes that labor–market forces, sometimes stemming from product and financial markets, matter to HR outcomes. And it regards conflict more as a source of information rather than just a cause of lost productivity.     

成人高等教育产学研相结合创新人才培养模式研究

目前,成人高等教育人才培养模式单一,仍然注重“学历型”。这种人才培养模式培养出来的大多是与人才市场需求相脱节的。因此,必须走“产学研”人才培养模式。在培养和管理过程中应采取以下措施：在培养方式上,扩大学校和社会的联系,实现产学研相结合;在培养过程中,实行学生导师制和学分制,保证成人教育具有较充分的弹性。     

Commentary: Morality and workability ­ a rejoinder to O'Riordan

This paper is about understanding the rhetoric of precaution and the practice of decision-making in areas of environmental controversy. It untangles the rhetoric, as established in documented agreements referring to precaution, from the constituent ideas that embody it, as characterized by those who deliberate on its application. By analysing the ways in which the rhetoric of precaution is framed within these documents it is possible to identify different elements that make up the principle in theory. By focussing on the constituent ideas behind the precautionary principle it is possible to move forward from the stalemate of rhetoric that could become the focus of attention itself.     

Human resource management: when research confronts theory

Research exploring the relationship between human resource management (HRM) and outcomes such as corporate performance encounters a range of significant practical difficulties. Using two surveys as illustrative cases, this paper examines the practical challenges of operationalizing and measuring HRM, measuring the various outcomes and assessing the relationship between HRM and corporate performance. Despite the problems, it is suggested that significant progress has been made. While possible solutions to some of the problems are put forward, it is argued that a key requirement remains more clearly specified theory, particularly theory about the nature of HRM.     

Comparative research in industrial relations: helping the survey cross frontiers

There has been a relative dearth of comparative, cross-national research which has followed a survey-based approach. This partly reflects the difficulty that researchers encounter in collecting such information, either via primary collection or the secondary matching of existing survey material. This paper addresses these difficulties and suggests ways in which their impact can be minimized. It notes that such difficulties are much more severe in the case of secondary matching and are thereby likely to constrain the scope of this approach. They are not totally absent in primary collection and it is suggested that there are limits to what can be achieved during data collection to promote the development of like data-sets across countries. This indicates that great care must be taken in interpreting data so obtained. Despite such limits and cautions, it is nevertheless concluded that the survey approach can be an important adjunct to the process of understanding why the world of work varies across frontiers.     

风险管理在再制造用途机电产品进口检验监管领域的应用研究

为发展循环经济，国家宏观经济管理部门已开始尝试对部分旧机电产品进行再制造试点。针对这种情况，本文运用风险管理的理论和方法，探讨检验检疫部门如何科学地、客观地实施检验监管，并控制进口再制造用途机电产品的风险，定性、定量分析和评估检验监管措施的合理性、必要性、充分性。     

社会主义和谐社会经济制度基础的研究视域

社会主义和谐社会的经济制度基础研究是一门着眼于改革开放以来经济领域中思想解放的宏观历史进程，以深入研究经济变革中的一般经济制度、经济体制、基本经济制度以及经济发展观为理论重点，以彰显社会主义和谐社会的经济制度创新优势和实现人的全面而自由发展为实践目标的学问。     

生产研究的大趋势：管理与技术紧密结合

在进入信息时代和市场需求呈现多样化的今天，工业生产和生产研究依然是创造物质财富和市场需求最重要的基础。信息时代和需求多样化给生产研究领域带来了诸多全新研究课题。下一个世纪生产研究的大趋势将是管理和技术并驾齐驱，二者紧密结合。制约因素管理能够充分利用管理人员的智慧，靠抓住关键因素进行系统整体管理，不断在新的层次上加强管理和技术的密切结合，事半功倍地提高企业经济效益